The prohibition of attacks on medical units is a fundamental principle of international humanitarian law (IHL). It is enshrined in the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols. This principle aims to protect those who provide essential healthcare during armed conflicts.
Specifically, IHL dictates that medical personnel, medical transports, and medical facilities displaying the distinctive emblems (the red cross, red crescent, or red crystal) must be respected and protected. Direct attacks against them are strictly forbidden.
This protection is not absolute. It can be lost if these entities are used to commit acts harmful to the enemy outside their humanitarian function. However, even in such cases, a warning must be given, setting a reasonable time limit, and such warning must be disregarded before an attack is justified.
The prohibition of attacks on medical units is crucial for ensuring access to healthcare for both combatants and civilians during armed conflict. Violations of this principle constitute war crimes and can be prosecuted under international law.
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